Assignment 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Task 5 - Essay Example In practically all cases, the cutting edge instructor must gain proficiency with a lot of particular innovation to educate in a comprehensive domain. Probably the least demanding zone to make answers for understudies with inabilities is the no-tech answer for a debilitation issue. The issue is regularly one of access. These arrangements require an innovative methodology by the educator without the intercession of enormous budgetary concerns or concentrated learning. The effortlessness of no-tech is that it is accessible to everybody, all over the place, and to all understudies (Roblyer, 2006, p.413). As far as possible to no-tech arrangements are the innovativeness of the instructor and the degree of the assistance required. While no-tech arrangements are promptly accessible, they are just proper for understudies with constrained weakness in detached cases. In many cases, no-tech arrangements and access isn't sufficient to genuinely connect with the understudy into the guidance. The low-innovation arrangements offer guides to understudies who require something beyond access to the educational plan. They may have a learning incapacity that hinders their capacity to peruse. It might be that the understudy has a visual hindrance that requires specific presentation hardware. The low-innovation arrangements might be a mini-computer, spelling word reference, or amplification gadgets for sight. The IntelliKeys console is a case of a low-tech arrangement that can be customized to oblige restricted mastery (Roblyer, 2006, p.412). These arrangements are handily coordinated into the study hall. Understudies with restricted seriousness disabilities can utilize low-tech answers for tackle a wide scope of issues. As the homeroom instructor defies understudies with progressively extreme and specific inabilities, an innovative arrangement is frequently required. High innovation PC projects can help understudies, yet require a high level of instructor information and mediation. Voice acknowledgment programming, for example, Dragons Talk will require the instructor, or staff part, to go to a class or workshop

Serial Killer and Baby Killer, Janie Lou Gibbs

Sequential Killer and Baby Killer, Janie Lou Gibbs Janie Lou Gibbs killed her better half, three youngsters, and a grandson by harming them with arsenic so she could gather on the life coverage arrangements she had on every casualty. Great Home Cooking Janie Lou Gibbs, from Cordele Georgia, was a dedicated spouse and mother who invested a lot of her free energy providing for her congregation. In 1965, her better half, Marvin Gibbs passed on unexpectedly at home subsequent to getting a charge out of one of Janies great home prepared dinners. Specialists finished up an undiscovered liver sickness caused his passing. An Act of Giving The demonstration of compassion to Janie Lou and her three youngsters from the congregation was overpowering. To such an extent, that Ms. Gibbs chose to give some portion of Marvins extra security cash to the congregation to give her thankfulness for their heavenly help. Marvin, Jr. With Marvin out of the picture, Gibbs and her kids arranged however inside a year disaster struck once more. Marvin, Jr. age 13 appeared to have acquired his dads liver sickness and in the wake of crumbling with serious issues, he too kicked the bucket. Once more, the congregation network came to help Gibbs through the excruciating demise of her young child. Janie, overpowered with gratefulness gave a bit of Marvin, Jr.s extra security installment to the gathering. A Family Plagued In what manner or capacity much could turn out badly with one family was difficult to see, yet one couldn't assist with appreciating Gibbs internal quality particularly when only a couple of months after the fact, 16-year-old Lester Gibbs started griping of discombobulation, cerebral pains and serious squeezing. He kicked the bucket before ever getting to the medical clinic. Specialists chose the reason for death was hepatitis. To Give Is To Receive With incredulity yet with the typical compassion and backing, the congregation helped Gibbs through her awful misfortune. Gibbs, presently grieved with all that she needed to suffer in two years, realized she would never have made it without the help of the congregation, and again, offered a bit of youthful Lesters disaster protection installment to them to help show her undying appreciation. Grandma Janie Her last and most established child, Roger, was hitched and the introduction of his child, Raymond appeared to lift Janie out of depression. Be that as it may, inside a month both Roger and his alive and well infant child were dead. This time the going to doctor requested an examination concerning the passings. At the point when the tests returned demonstrating that Roger and Raymond had been given arsenic harming, Gibbs was captured. Farewell Janie Janie Lou Gibbs was seen as blameworthy of harming her family May 9, 1976, and got a lifelong incarceration for every one of the five homicides she submitted. In 1999, at age 66, she got a clinical discharge from jail since she was experiencing the propelled phases of Parkinsons sickness. Source Murder Most Rare The Female Serial Killer by Michael D. Kelleher and C.L. Kelleher Schechter, Harold. The start to finish Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Soft cover, Revised, Updated version, Gallery Books, July 4, 2006. Lethal Women - Discovery Channelï » ¿

Fear or Phobia of Haunted Houses

Fear or Phobia of Haunted Houses Phobias Types Print Fear or Phobia of Haunted Houses By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on July 21, 2019 Chuck Ortego / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Definition Fear vs. Phobia Types of Phobias Treatment Impact of Specific Phobias View All Back To Top Is there a name for the specific phobia that refers to a fear of haunted houses? Is this a fear or a phobia, and what is the difference? How are specific phobias such as this handled? Definition There is no official phobia name for the fear of haunted houses. That said, some people have coined names which resemble the true names of other phobias. For example, you may hear the unofficial term hauntophobia. While many people develop this fear when they are young, most people outgrow it with time. What happens if you dont? Fear vs. Phobia Most of us get a little frightened by a horror movie or even visiting a haunted house exhibit for Halloween. So how can you know if your fear is simply a normal fear, or instead, is a phobia? A fear of haunted houses is different from having a phobia about haunted houses. Being afraid of the haunted house is part of the fun. However, a specific phobia of haunted houses or any other object is a debilitating anxiety disorder that can disrupt ones life and get worse over time if not treated. Both fears and phobias can have similar symptoms, including dizziness, heart palpitations, nausea, shortness of breath. With phobias, however, these symptoms are more severe, and unlike normal fears, there is often a preoccupation with the object or situation. In deciding whether you have a fear or a phobia about haunted houses, consider these two things: The Severity: How intense is your fear? Are you afraid to enter a haunted house exhibit or are you frightened of even driving near a place where there may be a haunted house exhibit? Are you a little nervous in your home (or a hotel or another persons home) late at night when you hear strange noises, or do you completely change your plans so that you dont stay in the suspect home?How much time you spend thinking about your fear. Do you think of your fear each year at Halloween, or do you feel the fear even when you think of your fear (do you fear your thoughts of thinking of your fear?) How to Tell the Difference Between a Fear and a Phobia Types of Phobias In deciding if a fear of haunted houses is a true phobia, its helpful to define the type of phobias which are most common. There are three primary types of phobias: Social phobias: Social phobias involve a fear of certain social situations.Agoraphobia: Agoraphobia is a type of phobia in which a person has a fear of becoming trapped or unable to leave a situation.Specific phobias: Specific phobias are those in which there is an irrational fear of a specific object or situation. Specific phobias come in four basic types: fears of something in the natural environment (such as tornadoes), animal-related fears (such as the fear of snakes), medical  fears (such as the fear of blood), or situational (such as the fear of driving). Is It a Specific Phobia or Agoraphobia? A phobia of haunted houses could be a specific phobia (a fear of a specific object or situation) or agoraphobia (fear of being unable to escape to a safe place when you begin to have a phobic reaction. Treatment In general, the treatment of a specific haunted house phobia is easier than some other phobias. It is easier to stay out of potentially haunted houses (at least usually) than it is to avoid a thunderstorm. For someone without a phobia of haunted houses, the potential treatment of this phobia may seem easy, at least if it is not ones residence that is felt to be haunted. Since a phobia is an irrational fear, it doesnt simply work to say dont worry. That said, a good therapist can be very beneficial in helping a person recognize that their fear is irrational to help her overcome it. There is not a specific treatment regimen for people with haunted house phobias, but there are treatment approaches for other specific phobias which are likely to help. Some treatments for specific phobias include: Medications: There are several medication options for people with specific phobias.Psychotherapy: Mental health therapy for phobias, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, can be helpful for those with specific phobias. Of note, is that some of the therapies often used for specific phobias may not be necessary or even ethical with regard to the fear of haunted houses. Even single session therapy has been found to be helpful for youth with specific phobias. Therapies such as exposure therapy and flooding, which essentially expose the person to the feared object may not be necessary. But counter-conditioning, an approach in which people are taught to react to the feared object or situation in a new way by practicing relaxation techniques could be a good choice.Alternative therapy: Therapies such as hypnosis or herbal supplements have not been studied to the degree that other approaches have, but for some people, alternative therapies for phobias may be helpful if combined with the other treatment approaches above. Impact of Specific Phobias While many people may find some of the specific phobias, such as that of haunted houses amusing, it is not a laughing matter for those who suffer from these fears. Specific phobias can be a source of embarrassment and leave a person feeling isolated and out of control. One of the more difficult ?emotional aspects of phobias is that they are life-limiting in this way. If you have a specific phobia, its important for your family and friends to understand phobias. You may have loved ones telling you that you simply should not be afraid, but as with other phobias ranging from the fear of snakes to the fear of bridges or hurricanes, simply saying you should not be afraid is ineffective. If that worked, you would not have a phobia. You should check out tips and ideas on living with specific phobias.

What Is Civil Engineering Courses, Jobs, Salaries

Civil engineering is a STEM field focused on designing and constructing the environments in which humans live. Civil engineers typically focus on large construction projects such as buildings, roads, bridges, subway systems, dams, and water supply networks. Math, physics, and design are essential areas of knowledge for the field. Key Takeaways: Civil Engineering Civil engineers design and build large projects including buildings, dams, bridges, roads, tunnels, and water systems.Civil engineering draws heavily upon math and physics, but design, economics, and materials science are also important.Civil engineering is one of the larger engineering fields, and its many sub-specialties include architectural engineering, environmental engineering, and water resource engineering. Specializations in Civil Engineering Like many STEM fields, civil engineering is a broad umbrella that includes a wide range of sub-specialties. Pretty much anywhere something large needs to be built, a civil engineer will be involved in the project. Below are just a few examples of civil engineering specialties. Architectural Engineering focuses on the design and construction of buildings. Architectural engineers use their engineering skills to make sure architectural designs are structurally sound.Environmental Engineering focuses on the protection of people and the planet through design that emphasizes sustainability. One project might be figuring out how to channel, treat, and repurpose a citys wastewater.Geotechnical Engineering focuses on the earth used for a building project and the ground beneath a building project. Engineers need to make sure the rock and soil at a building site will have the mechanical properties necessary to ensure the soundness and durability of the project.Structural Engineering focuses on the structural design and analysis of all types of construction projects, from skyscrapers to train tunnels. It is the structural engineers duty to ensure that a building project can safely withstand the stresses it will undergo during its lifetime.Transportation Engineering fo cuses on the design, construction, and maintenance of roads, airports, subway systems, and railroads. The design, safety, and efficiency of these transportation systems are all under the purview of a transportation engineer.Water Resource Engineering focuses on water usage for irrigation, human consumption, and sanitation. Sometimes called hydrology, the field deals with collecting water from the earth and getting it where it needs to go in ways that are safe and sustainable. College Coursework in Civil Engineering As with any engineering field, civil engineering relies heavily on math and physics. Civil engineers need to be able to calculate the stresses on a structure to make sure it is engineered to avoid mechanical failure. Most building projects also require an engineer to understand design and the properties of materials. Successful civil engineers often oversee large aspects of a building project, so financial and leadership skills are also a must. Civil engineering curricula will vary from college to college, but below are some of the typical courses a civil engineering student will be required to take: Calculus I, II, III and Differential EquationsData AnalysisStructural DesignStructural AnalysisSoil MechanicsHydraulics and HydrologyMechanics of MaterialsLeadership and Business Principles Specialized courses may be offered as electives rather than fixed graduation requirements. These courses, which tend to represent the various sub-specialties of civil engineering, may include: Geotechnical EngineeringTransportation Planning and DesignWater Resource EngineeringWaste Management Keep in mind that a bachelor of science or bachelor of engineering degree will also include foundation course work in physics, chemistry, and biology, as well as courses in the humanities and social sciences. The best civil engineers have broad educations that prepare them to understand the mechanical, environmental, political, social, and artistic dimensions of a project. Best Schools for Civil Engineering Not all colleges and universities with engineering programs offer civil engineering. (Thats why you wont find Caltech—one of the nations top engineering schools—on this list.) However, all of the schools below have excellent programs in mechanical engineering: Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania): Carnegie Mellon is a mid-sized comprehensive university with world renowned STEM programs (plus a thriving arts scene). The university has particular strengths in the environmental engineering sub-specialty.Georgia Tech (Atlanta, Georgia): As one of the best public engineering schools in the country, Georgia Tech is a great option for civil engineering majors. It also offers an excellent value, particularly for in-state applicants.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Massachusetts): MIT often ranks as the #1 engineering school in the country. The civil engineering program is one of MITs smaller majors, but it offers the same access to world-class faculty and facilities as the other departments.The New Jersey Institute of Technology (Newark, New Jersey): NJIT has an extremely popular and highly-regarded civil engineering program. Plus, with an acceptance rate around 60%, NJIT offers a better chance of admission th an schools like MIT and Stanford.Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, New York): RPI, which boasts the oldest civil engineering program in the country, graduates over 60 civil engineers per year. The civil engineering department offers courses in a variety of specializations, including structural and geotechnical engineering.Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (Terre Haute, Indiana): Rose-Hulman is an excellent choice for students who want a strong engineering program at a smaller school with a predominantly undergraduate focus.Stanford University (Stanford, California): Although Stanfords civil engineering department emphasizes graduate study over undergraduates, it remains one of the best places to study engineering. The civil engineering major offers two tracks: the structures and construction focus and the environmental and water studies focus.Stevens Institute of Technology (Hoboken, New Jersey): The civil engineering program at Stevens is topped only by mechanical engineeri ng for popularity. The school has strengths in environmental, coastal, and ocean engineering sub-fields.The University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, CA): UC Berkeley graduates nearly 100 civil engineers every year. Students can choose from seven sub-specialties. For students interested in the University of California system, UC Davis also has a strong civil engineering program.Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, Virginia): Virginia Tech graduates roughly 200 civil engineers a year, and students can choose from five specializations. For Virginia residents, the schools value is hard to beat.Worcester Polytechnic Institute (Worcester, Massachusetts): WPI has a strong project-based curriculum and a focus on sustainability and civic responsibility. Civil engineering majors will have access to research opportunities in areas like soil and water quality analysis and structural mechanics impact. All of the schools listed above are well known for their strengths in STEM fields, but you dont need to attend a technological institute to get an outstanding education in engineering. For example, public universities such as the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Michigan, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign offer high quality engineering education at an especially good value for in-state applicants. Average Salaries for Civil Engineers Civil engineering has promising job prospects with faster-than-average job growth. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that the median pay for civil engineers in 2017 was $84,770 per year. Payscale.com reports that entry-level civil engineers have a median salary of $60,400 a year, and mid-career employees earn a median salary of $101,100. Roughly 300,000 people are employed in the field. Engineering fields have some of the highest salaries for employees with bachelors degrees. Salaries for civil engineering jobs are on par with salaries for mechanical engineering jobs, but a bit lower than those for electrical, chemical, and materials engineering jobs.

Aspects of Racism Essay - 2363 Words

Today we live in a multicultural society, which means a nation is made out of several ethnic groups, with different cultures. But why was there xenophobia and racial hatred between peoples and why does it still exist? What really is foreign, and what effect does it have on young people and young adults. And the most important question is: What is racism? I will in the course of my essay examine these issues. Firstly, I would like to define the term racism generally and talk about its characteristics: Racism is an ideology that uses real or fictitious differences between two ethnic groups for the benefit of the Prosecutor and for the detriment of the victims. Racism wants the victims to ascribe to all kinds of bad properties, to prove†¦show more content†¦Racism in history, the crime in the black population: Since the beginning of modern times, with the discovery of America, the great European colonies were formed. Particularly in Africa was a lot of land in possession. The mother country always made profit from the colony. It took her valuable raw materials to trade with other countries. In addition the dealing with human beings was booming at this time, predominantly black people were sold as slaves. They called the trade between Europe, Africa and America triangular trade. In the 19th Century, the mother countries themselves had a high demand for raw materials, which they got from the colonies. The coloured native population had to work as slaves on plantations and mines for the Whites. The question now is what the discrimination and degradation of these people warrants since the beginning of imperialism. The racists made the legitimacy of this injustice their target. The term race was first used at the end of the 17th century. At that time, it was only to distinguish the people, but included no hierarchy. Only in the 18th Century, the different races, according to skin colour of black, red, yellow and white, were assigned to special characteristics. The coloured people were classified as a primitive culture, whose intellectual capacity in comparison to the whites was inferior. There were several theories to explain this fact. The anthropological theory was based on physical differences between blackShow MoreRelatedBlack And White Racism : Racism1189 Words   |  5 PagesWhite Racism Introduction For a long time, racism has occurred as a controversial and hotly debated topic in the American society. Racism has infiltrated the way individuals behave, think, and act in different capacities. It is a grievous insult in referring somebody to as a ‘racist’. Black Americans have accused whites, the nation’s ethnic majority for racism, whereas whites have also accused blacks of racism. 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Stereotypes are a second way to reinforce racism, with acknowledgingRead MoreAfrican Americans : A Racially Equal Society1613 Words   |  7 PagesSystemtic and Institutional Racism Margo Newkirk ENG 122: English Composition II Andrea Collins August 29, 2016 A racially equal society is one whereby individuals are not likely or more likely to receive certain benefits given that they belong to a particular racial group. This would be an ideal society given that the current American society is characterized by institutional and systemic racism. Institutional racism can be defined as institutional practices and other aspects of government such asRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Slave Cry By Richard Lagravenese Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Hannah Miller 08/07/16 Connections 3.7 The concept of how racism is portrayed through literature is one I have chosen to study in class this year. I chose to examine racism and how they overcome it by asking myself the following questions; What connections can I make between the racism in this text and in my other texts? and Which characters and/or events in this text show the theme of racism?. I decided to use the following texts because I believe they all have a significantRead MoreRacism in Pocahontas1552 Words   |  7 PagesRacism in Pocahontas The film Pocahontas, produced by Walt Disney films, portrays the tension between the Powhatan tribe and English settlers during the establishment of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World. In examining this film using the article Ten Quick Ways to Analyze Childrens Books for Racism and Sexism, it quickly becomes apparent that although there are forms of racism as described in the article (what will be referred to as ‘traditional media racism)Read MoreAnalysis Of The Article School s Discipline For Girls Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesSocietal Racism in the United States In her article, â€Å"School’s Discipline for Girls Differs by Race and Hue (2014),† Tanzina Vega emphasises and addresses the issue of societal racism by sharing with the reader the personal experiences of young African American girls within the school disciplinary system in the United States. Through examining these girls experiences, it becomes apparent that societal racism, or racism that is overwhelmingly and systemically prevalent and entrenched in all aspects ofRead MoreStructural Or Institutional Racism Is Formed By The Social, Economic, Political Or Educational Forces Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' Structural or institutional racism is formed by the social, economic, political or educational forces that foster discriminatory outcomes or give preference to members of one group over the other deriving its genesis from the concept of race. The biological fact for the race has been invalidated by biologists, but the social aspect of it is formed by the community. The physical traits still possess the meanings of social race identity. It is these social race identities that deliberate placement

How Does Literature Affect the Society Free Essays

There are many kinds of incurable diseases which yet medical scientists with improved instruments and medicine haven’t been able to find any treatment for them and finally it results to the death of the affected person or animal HIV can be one of those diseases that right now in the world with about seven milliard population a numerous number of people are waiting to welcome death because of this fatal disease Scientists believe HIV came from a particular kind of chimpanzee in Western Africa. Humans probably came in contact with HIV when they hunted and ate infected animals. Recent studies indicate that HIV may have jumped from monkeys to humans as far back as the late 1800s. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Literature Affect the Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lot like other viruses, including those that cause the â€Å"flu† or the common cold. But there is an important difference – over time, your immune system can clear most viruses out of your body. That isn’t the case with HIV – the human immune system can’t seem to get rid of it. Scientists are still trying to figure out why. We know that HIV can hide for long periods of time in the cells of your body and that it attacks a key part of your immune system – your T-cells or CD4 cells. Your body has to have these cells to fight infections and disease, but HIV invades them, uses them to make more copies of itself, and then destroys them. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of your CD4 cells that your body can’t fight infections and diseases anymore In conclusion it can be said that HIV is the most incurable and fatal disease that can take the lives of millions every year How to cite How Does Literature Affect the Society, Essays

Where do you see religion playing in today’s world an Example by

Where do you see religion playing in today’s world? Abstract This paper deals with the issue of religion, and what role religion plays in todays fast changing world. Do religious beliefs still hold any value at all, or is the world gradually turning towards secularism? The paper will delve into these issues and make a conclusion. Need essay sample on "Where do you see religion playing in todays world?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Where do you see religion playing in todays world? Today, there is a lot of divided opinion on the issue of religion, and according to researchers, there are as many believers as there are non-believers. Apparently, believers have become so very bored and frustrated with the endless bullying and harassment that clergy and others have subjected them to over the years that most of them have turned into staunch non-believers. The belief today is that no matter what the faith in question may be, Muslim, Jew or Christian, it is the few men at the top that try to satisfy their own selfish lust for power that dominate the rest of the population. The time has apparently arrived when the common man can no longer be deluded by false promises and hopes, and the trend in religion today seems to be that of disillusionment. However, statistics do reveal that believers outnumber non-believers in todays world. (Zoll, Rachel 2007) What, therefore, is the role of religion today? Can religion be described as ones personal private belief, or can it be described as a public revelation of ones beliefs? As one devout individual puts it, the very purpose of religion is to make one prepared to face the world bravely and with courage, and not to offer protection from the world as such, although she admits that in general, most individuals prefer their religion to offer them comfort when they need it. Real religion can therefore be described as a set of beliefs that would encourage a person to lend a helping hand to a fellow human being whenever and wherever needed, helping the needy and the forgotten people of the world, and not as a method to follow while building churches or temples or synagogues, as applicable to the religious beliefs that one follows. If this simple doctrine were to be followed today, instead of concentrating efforts on creating and building more and more weapons of destruction, then it can be said that religion does flourish, even in todays atmosphere of skepticism in ones faith. If religion means bringing in a change in the world around us, and helping those in need, then, religion does flourish. If religion merely refers to the building of religious structures and the amassment of power to those in high authority, then religion does not exist at all. (Chittister, Joan 1991) If religion refers to the confirmation of ones faith in humanity and in love, then it can be concluded that the world is heading in the right direction. The poor, the sick and the needy would all be lent a helping hand, thereby reaffirming their faith in human kindness, and if this is religion, then religion must continue until the end of time. References Chittister, Joan (1991) The role of religion in todays society Program Zoll, Rachel (2007) Religion Today Worldwide Religious News

Ideal Gas vs. Non-Ideal Gas Example Problem

Ideal Gas vs. Non Problem This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the pressure of a gas system using the ideal gas law and the van der Waals equation. It also demonstrates the difference between an ideal gas and a non-ideal gas. Van der Waals EquationProblem Calculate the pressure exerted by 0.3000 mol of helium in a 0.2000 L container at -25  °C usinga. ideal gas lawb. van der Waals equationWhat is the difference between the non-ideal and ideal gases?Given:aHe 0.0341 atm ·L2/mol2bHe 0.0237 L ·mol How to Solve the Problem Part 1: Ideal Gas LawThe ideal gas law is expressed by the formula:PV nRTwhereP pressureV volumen number of moles of gasR ideal gas constant 0.08206 L ·atm/mol ·KT absolute temperatureFind absolute temperatureT  °C 273.15T -25 273.15T 248.15 KFind the pressurePV nRTP nRT/VP (0.3000 mol)(0.08206 L ·atm/mol ·K)(248.15)/0.2000 LPideal 30.55 atmPart 2: Van der Waals EquationVan der Waals equation is expressed by the formulaP a(n/V)2 nRT/(V-nb)whereP pressureV volumen number of moles of gasa attraction between individual gas particlesb average volume of individual gas particlesR ideal gas constant 0.08206 L ·atm/mol ·KT absolute temperatureSolve for pressureP nRT/(V-nb) - a(n/V)2To make the math easier to follow, the equation will be broken into two parts whereP X - YwhereX nRT/(V-nb)Y a(n/V)2X P nRT/(V-nb)X (0.3000 mol)(0.08206 L ·atm/mol ·K)(248.15)/[0.2000 L - (0.3000 mol)(0.0237 L/mol)]X 6.109 L ·atm/(0.2000 L - .007 L)X 6.109 L ·atm/0.19 LX 32.152 atmY a(n/V)2Y 0.0341 atm ·L2/mol2 x [0.3000 mol/0.2000 L]2Y 0.0341 atm ·L2/mol2 x (1.5 mol/L)2Y 0.0341 atm ·L2/mol2 x 2.25 mol2/L2Y 0.077 atmRecombine to find pressureP X - YP 32.152 atm - 0.077 atmPnon-ideal 32.075 atmPart 3 - Find the difference between ideal and non-ideal conditionsPnon-ideal - Pideal 32.152 atm - 30.55 atmPnon-ideal - Pideal 1.602 atmAnswer:The pressure for the ideal gas is 30.55 atm and the pressure for van der Waals equation of the non-ideal gas was 32.152 atm. The non-ideal gas had a greater pressure by 1.602 atm. Ideal vs Non-Ideal Gases An ideal gas is one in which the molecules dont interact with each other and dont take up any space. In an ideal world, collisions between gas molecules are completely elastic. All gases in the real world have molecules with diameters and which interact with each other, so theres always a bit of error involved in using any form of the Ideal Gas Law and van der Waals equation. However, noble gases act much like ideal gases because they dont participate in chemical reactions with other gases. Helium, in particular, acts like an ideal gas because each atom is so tiny. Other gases behave much like ideal gases when they are at low pressures and temperatures. Low pressure means few interactions between gas molecules occur. Low temperature means the gas molecules have less kinetic energy, so they dont move around as much to interact with each other or their container.

How to Get Out of a Job You Hate

How to Get Out of a Job You Hate It would be great if everyone were making a living at their dream jobs. Or if that job you loved so much when it was new, and you were still learning and feeling challenged and excited to show up on Monday morning, were as shiny and happy forever. But sometimes reality gets in the way, and a job just isn’t the right fit for you, or you outgrow it. What next? [via Giphy]Signs This Isn’t the Job for YouBefore you start down a path you can’t reverse (there are very few ways to claim â€Å"backsies† on a resignation letter), it’s important to know whether this is just temporary malaise, or something bigger. So when is it time to quit? Here are some of the telltale signs you’re ready to move on.You don’t feel challenged.If you feel like you could make it through your to-do list without disturbing your sleep, you are probably not challenged enough by your work. Other symptoms: having to stretch out projects to fill your day and look product ive, or spending a lot of time messing around/checking social media/shopping online. If you don’t have enough to do, or tasks that engage you, it can be easy to fall into bad, time-wasting habits.You feel miserable.This may seem like a no-brainer, but it’s a big one. Listen to what your body is trying to tell you about stress. Everyone has a grouchy day or two if work is stressful, but if you find yourself in a long string of them, it may be time to start over somewhere else. This is especially true if you start losing sleep, or find yourself getting sick more often than usual. If you’re that unhappy that even your body is saying â€Å"blow this popsicle stand,† it’s time to pay attention.You can’t work with your boss.Lots of things can change about your job: tasks, priorities, projects, even your salary and benefits. One thing you’re unlikely to change: your boss. If you find yourself butting heads because your styles are so differen t, accept that you’re unlikely to change how this person works.You can try to amend your own approach in the name of harmony and productivity, but sometimes there is just no way to make two people compatible- especially if your boss is overbearing or non-communicative. This is a person you will be relying on day-to-day guidance and performance reviews, so this is not an enemy you want to have. And a coup is unlikely, unless this person is incompetent and on the verge of being fired, so the best option is to remove yourself.Your performance and morale are obviously suffering.Can barely contain that eyeroll when Sue starts talking? Feel irrational levels of rage when Andy sends yet another round of ten emails when one would do? Leave early because you just couldn’t take the day any longer? Chances are, your unhappiness is showing to any and all around you, and if you’re letting that anger and frustration affect your work, that’s a problem. It’s bette r to get out before your tasks (and your rep) starts to decline.Your 8 Steps to FreedomSo you’ve got all the symptoms- what do you do next? There are some best practices you should follow once you decide to call it quits- and some things you definitely should not do.1. Don’t quit in a huff.There are exceptions to this, like if you’re asked to do something that is illegal, or if you’ve just won the Powerball. Otherwise, keep your job for now. This is two- fold: a) It’s easier to search for a job when you already have the security of one; and b) unfair or not, many employers prefer to hire someone who doesn’t have employment gaps.2. Consider taking on a side hustle.This can be a good distraction from a day job that is slowly sucking your essence, giving you something new to focus on. (Just don’t spend your regular work time setting up your new business, or that could open up a whole bunch of other unpleasant issues at your already unple asant job.) It’s also a way to start feeling out what you want your revised career path to be. Have you always felt like your heart was somewhere else? This is your chance to start figuring out if you have a passion project, and whether you can channel that passion into a viable paying job.3. Build your professional network.The last thing you want to do is find yourself in the middle of a new job search, and realize that you’re totally unprepared. There are plenty of under-the-radar things you can do to get yourself ready for your imminent search for a new and better gig. Start by beefing up your networks. Some of the best opportunities come because someone’s old college roommate is looking for a team member, and does your friend know anyone who would be a good fit?If you start expanding your reach on sites like LinkedIn, or following/interacting with influential people in your field on social media, you are raising your profile and opening yourself up to potent ial opportunities.Plus, your network might be an essential source of support as you cope with this job you hate. Maybe some have been in that place, and have tips on how to get through it. Maybe others will have valuable insight into what you can do to make your waning time at the job more productive and useful for your future endeavors. Either way, don’t underestimate the help your network can be as you get ready to make a major transition.4. Clean up your own social media.Potential employers can be sneaky, and might be creeping on your Twitter or Facebook profile to see what you’re like. Make extra sure that you don’t have any stray â€Å"I hate this place† notes posted out of frustration, or cringe-inducing inappropriate photos that you may have posted while not realizing you’d be hunting for a job anytime soon.5. Think about what you want to do.You may just want a similar job in your field because you hate your current job/boss, but what if you ’re unhappy at work because you’re on the wrong path altogether? Time to do some deep thinking about what you want to do next. What do you want to achieve in the short term (1-2 years)? What about longer term? If you don’t know what you want your next move to be, your job hunt may not be especially productive, or you could end up in a job you despise just as much as your current one. Make sure you’re clear about what you want to achieve once you’re out of this job.6. Redo your resume.No matter how recently you’ve updated your resume, now is a great time to rewrite, revise, and revamp. If you have the time, start from scratch, and make sure you’re building the strongest possible resume for the current job market. The goal is to have your resume ready to go (and adapt as necessary) for any opportunities that come up.7. Don’t check out mentally.Once you make the decision to walk away, it can be tempting to put in less effort, or n ot care about how your performance affects others at work. Even though it can feel like a major effort, it is definitely in your best interest to keep up a good face at work. You don’t want your reputation to suffer, and in the event that you need a reference from one of your current colleagues, you really don’t want them to say, â€Å"He was great most of the time, but totally checked out by the end.†8. Resign in style.When you give your notice, do not use it as an excuse to get your anger/frustration/disgust off your chest. Delivering sick burns may be entertaining on your way out, but remember that the world is a small place, and your industry might be even smaller. You never know if, five years from now, the person reading this letter will be in a position to help your career. Write a clear, professional note that illustrates your intentions, your last day, and thankfulness for the opportunity in the first place. And if you have to fake that last one a littl e, that’s fine. You don’t have to pretend that your crappy job was the best job you’ve ever had, but a neutral, professional tone is a bare-minimum must.Whether you’re itching to get out the door or just want to make things better for yourself in the short term, the key is looking ahead. Setting goals, and even doing the prep work (resume, job search, network building) can help improve your day-to-day while you plan your escape.

Organisational change 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organisational change 2 - Essay Example one were to google-search the phrase â€Å"what is change?† close to 20 million book entries would align themselves in his computer screen as if one could have the luxury to get to the 20-millionth entry. But indeed, as Stickland (1998) observes as early as in his writing time, change would be a subject that could swiftly expand in treatment and in scope due to the speed with which it would show itself in human activity. In the two decades preceding Stickland’s book publication, the word â€Å"change† has more than doubled its appearance in literature titles (Stickland, 1998). Most book publishers and authors, it is observed, get deep into serious treatment of the subject of change, its nature, its effects and anything it can do, yet miss out on its definition. In fact, Ly (2009) notes that change is a â€Å"phenomenon for which there is no agreed-upon definition.† It is just like saying it is just there; it just happens. It assumes the characteristic of time, that the more people attempt to define it, the more it confuses, making description the easiest way towards understanding. But of course, a few authors made some sincere attempt to define it, if only to have some sense of it. Ly (2009) was resourceful enough to feature some of them. Hanelock defines change as any significant difference in the status quo. Linquist refers to it as a modification of, deletion of, or addition to attitudes and behavior. Morgan defines change as a process or condition of being different between time 1 and time 2. Of course, the most common reference for definitions, Webster, calls change as an act of becoming different. (Ly, 2009). And if man sees change as part of himself and his evolution, never has change been more obvious, pronounced and ubiquitous in organizations than now because of the constantly varying character of the environments they are in. Zimmerman (2011) notes very profoundly that in view of these highly charged surroundings, organizations need to change

Science, Technology, and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Science, Technology, and Society - Essay Example entiate between science and technology and in the last section the author has provided various resources that can be helpful for students in expanding the knowledge. In the introduction section of the text the author discusses the involvement of technology in the society and its impact on society. The author focuses on the issue of privacy and how it has been impacted due to the use of technology. The author states that as an individual increases his/her acceptance of technology in their life, their privacy starts declining. Furthermore the demand for a paperless society has even threatened the privacy of individuals within the society. This is because technology has allowed individuals to operate in a paperless world, but at the same time individuals are increasing the number of copies of their information which is falling in the wrong hands. In the next section the author states that researchers are focusing on the research of STS and they are especially focusing on how the two fields including science as well as technology are impacting the environment of various social institutions. The author states that research in the field of STS focuses on the causal and effect relationship between science and technology and various constructs such as society and politics. The author states that there are various definitions of technology and some of them are correct while others are incorrect and individuals are misusing the term of technology. Various secondary terms have been created in attachment with technology due to the broadness of the field. The author states that in order to define technology an individual needs to consider the various characteristics of technology. After focusing on the difficulty of defining technology, the author focuses on the difference between technology and science. The author states that both the terms are now used in replacement of each other because it is believed that what is technological is even scientific. But this was not the

Problems Faced by Asian Students in English Pronunciation

Problems Faced by Asian Students in English Pronunciation Introduction Speaking regarded as the most important and difficult micro-skill of the four skills in foreign language learning. Most adult non-native students of English in the UK particularly Asian students face a lot of difficulties when they speak English and they sometimes get frustrated when they could not understand or be understand by native speakers of English. Therefore, they encounter the same problems that confront any students studying in a foreign culture, such as grammar, pronunciation, listening comprehension and different cultures. Also, it is difficult for them to adjust to the English language especially when they speak it. They may have difficulty understanding class lecture, making them feel reluctant to participate in class discussion, seminars and tutorials. This essay will first explain and evaluate only one issue that face adult Asian students in UK when they speak English which is English pronunciation. Therefore, pronunciation is a difficult aspect in language learning f or adult Asian students which lead to real barriers to communication and can contribute to motivation with native English speakers. This essay also will examine what are the most frequent difficulties encountered them in English pronunciation, the factors that affecting the pronunciation of non native students of English , some solutions to surmount the difficulties of mispronunciation among Asian adult students and finally it will throw some light on the implications of language teaching. Literature review: Teachers of English as a FL or a L2 know so well how important pronunciation is. Nevertheless, sometimes it has been obvious that a teacher has been paid little attention to the students pronunciation in the process of second language learning and teaching. Celce Goodain(1991) states that over the past years, there have been different views about the value of teaching pronunciation in language teaching and they reported that the cognitive approach and grammar translation reading based method which used by teachers attach no importance to pronunciation. However, in the direct approach, pronunciation is considered important. In addition, Jack and William (2002) reported that pronunciation is no longer considered as an indispensable aspect in a foreign language teaching. According to Beebe (1984,51), `Most current textbooks in English as a second language either ignore the teaching of pronunciation or rely primarily on old stand-bys-to teach non-native learners to pronounce English accurately. Trammell (1993) also indicates that instruction in pronunciation has been deemphasised due to the new teaching methods like the Communicative Approach. Communication is an important need of in daily life and it should be the primary purpose of language learning and teaching . Therefore, teaching English speaking to non-native students of English how to speak English accurately and fluently with native speakers of English is one of the general objectives of the foreign language teaching. According to Yule (2006: 33), language is primarily speech and it is more basic to language than the written form. Knowles (1987) argue that written language is permanent and looks imperfect version of the spoken language whereas spoken Language is more elusive. It is clear that we all speak and hear the sounds spoken in our environment first before we write or read. For instance, child before goes to school, he will speak before write because he will acquire his first Language from his family when he imitates what they said. It is seem that as long as one can communicate with others in the second language, everything is fine but the questions is ,how can communicate with people fluently if your pronunciation is incorrect? Beebe (1984) insists that pronunciation always affect what we communicate and how well we communicate it, and therefore it should be take seriously. Weeren Theunissen(1987: 109) pointed out: Firstly, good pronunciation allows one to be better understood. It gives the speakers oral production a certain redundancy. And this can help to get a message across more effectively as a learning objective because of it is high pay off. The number of sound, sound clusters and intonation pattern in a Language is finite, as is the alphabet. Once the system has been mastered, it can be used, thus giving it fundamentally an infinite scope. Thirdly, a deviant pronunciation means that one is immediately marked as non-native abroad. Harmer (2007) suggests that if students want to be able to speak fluently in English, they need to be able pronounce phonemes correctly and appropriate stress and intonation. Pronunciations of students need to be good enough to communicate the message so that it is understood by other speakers of English. Therefore, most Asian adult students have difficulties to pronounce words or sentences correctly which can be a major cause of misunderstandings. They have difficulties in recognize sound of English, word stress( which part of a word are more heavily stressed that is spoken louder and longer), sentence stress( which part of a sentence can be more heavily stressed), sounds in connected speech( how to link the sounds together in a sentence),and finally in intonation(how our voice rises and falls at a certain point of the sentence).From my own experience as a teacher in a secondary school, most students have potential pronunciation problems when they speak English. They have problem wi th stress and intonation that they unable to put the right emphasis on the right part of the word. Also they have problems with vowels bends and consonants blends as well. For example, sounds likeea and ou can be confusing them because when they listen to the audio recordings, it can be very difficult for them to pick up the subtle blends of two or more vowels. Additionally, In consonants blends, they have problem with th sound because they are not accustomed to putting t and h together to form th sound to reproduce. It is clear that pronunciation is so difficult to learn. The first language of most overseas students effect on learning the second language. Problems that face Asian students in English pronunciation: Most Asian adult students work and study hard to become very fluent in English. However, there are many different varieties of spoken English and non-native students may have achieved fluency such as knowing correct grammar and knowing a large numbers of vocabulary especially when they have been taught by non-native speakers but they have a non-standard accent which make the use of English difficult for native speakers of English to understand. Vowels Celce-Murcia, Brinton and Goodwin (1996) states there are different types of vowel sounds in English pronunciation. Firstly, received pronunciation. It has twelve monophthongs (single or pure vowels).Secondly, eight diphthongs (double vowels) and two thriphthongs (triple vowels).therefore, some of in Asian students like Arabices , Japanese and Chinese have fewer vowels in their first Language which lead to have problems with hearing and pronouncing these distinctions of vowel sounds. For example, Japanese language has only 5 vowels /i/,/e/,/a/,/É‘/,/o/. According to, Kenworthy(1987) there are five vowels letters which are (a, e, i, o, u) .They map to 13 different sounds. For instance, the letter is pronounced differently in the words: boat, boot, out and hot. This is one of the problems that encountered by Asian adult students in pronunciation subject. They have problem with the /a/ sound (e.g. at) because it is not easy for them to hear and pronounce this sound. Also, they could not differentiate between the long sound/a/ and the sound/e/ (e.g. paper-pepper).They also have problems in differentiating between the long/e/ and the short /i/ (e.g. eat-it). Furthermore, diphthongs in English are difficult to learn and definitely tribal markers in English. .They are also very easy for native speakers of English to identify but not easy for non-native speakers of English. So, speech sounds which involve a slide from one vowel to another is the biggest problem which face Asian adult students when they speak English. For example, theou sound in the word out is a blend of /ah/ and /oo/. Several of diphthongs are quiet subtle .For instant the long /ee/ sound in the words feel and fear is a blend of /ee/ and /ah/ as (fee-ah). Celce-Murcia , Brinton and Goodwin ( 1996 ) Consonants Kota(2006) stats that English consonants are less difficult than vowels. Most languages have the sounds which are represented by the letters d, t, s, and z .Nevertheless, some languages do not use certain consonants which can be difficult for non-native speakers of English. For examples, the r and l sounds are not used by Japanese and Korean native speakers. Then, the so- called ra-la distinction is especially difficult for them. They have also difficulty to distinguish between /b/ and /v/ sounds. The /th/ sound is not simply to use it in the naÃÆ' ¯ve language. It can be difficult for Vietnamese students. Therefore, they substitue a /zh/ instead of /th/ as in: /zh/ese problems may be caused by pollution. Also, he adds that there are more consonants in English than in Japanese language .Therefore, the /f/, /v/ /o/, A/, /s/,/3/,/ts/,/d3/ do not exist in the Japanese consonantal system. In addition, Munro((1993) states that some Arabic language do not make use of separate sounds for /b/ and/p/.then, they have difficulty to distinguishing and pronouncing b and p sounds as in : do not bark while I park the van. The difference is quite subtle. They may confuse z withj .These problems cause misunderstanding by native English speakers when they communicate with each other From my own experience as a Libyan student at Leicester University in the UK, I had a car accident in university road because the weather was slippery and snowing which cause that the brake of my car was out of the control. After that the police came to me and asked me some questions about the accident. I said to him I feel slippery. The problem here, the police wrote in the report driver feel asleep but he did not write what I said I feel slippery .I think that was a misunderstanding between the police and me because of my language. He misunderstand me because of his linguistic constraints particularly his heavily -accented English. Other problems which face Asian adult students, is dropping medical stopped consonants. Some of them tend o drop stopped consonants such as, sounds /p/ and /k/ from the middle of poly syllabic words. For example, Chinese students tend to drop the difficult c from the word of success. They say/ suhsess/.Also, some native speaker of English pronounce the word accessory as/ assess or ee/ instead of / ack-sess-or-ee/.(Dalton,1994) Syllable structure: According to Joanna Heather (2003), English allows for in syllable structure a cluster of up to three consonants before the vowel and four consonants after the vowel as in the words straw and glimpsed. Therefore, the structure of syllabus cause issues for speakers of many languages. For instance, Japanese students usually try to in between the consonants (e.g. desk-/desks/) becomes desukusu or in the word milk shake / mIlk ʃeIk/ becomes mirukushȆ¡ku.Kota(2006) there are two types of syllable in English which are open syllables( CV) and closed syllables( CCCVCC).On the other hand, Japanese only permit one type of syllable which is open syllable. For example, Word meaning syllable Ke hair CV Kare boyfriend CVCV So, Words in Japanese do not end with consonants and it Japanese does not allow both initial and final consonants. Knowles (1987) maintains that some Asian students who first languages end in vowels, they often tend to make all English words end in vowels. For example, they pronounce the word make as /meIkÉâ„ ¢ / instead of/ meIk/. Also, they sometimes find it is so complicated when native speakers of English may drop consonants in the more complex blends (e.g. the word months, they say /mɆ¦nÉ µs/ instead of / mɆ¦nos/. Rhythm and Cadence: Brown (2001: 121) pointed out that cadence is the pattern of stresses within a sentence and rhythm refers to the beat syllabus. If each one were marked by tapping fingers on a desk: rat a-tat-tat-tat TAT of this. He adds that the main issue that trips up Asian adult students that British English are stress timed whereas most Asian languages are syllable timed. Stressed syllables are roughly equidistant in time and they like the sound of the mechanical tat-tat-tat-tat of gun machine with equal length to each syllable. However, native English speakers stretch syllables at the same time like putting emphasis on some syllables and not others. For instance,hi. Wonderful to see u again .They say this sentence like this hiiiii woooood fl to seeeeeee yu agaiaiainn. This mean, won- see- gain is both emphasized and lengthened but other syllabuses in the sentence are so lightly and shortened spoken. According to Kota (2006), stress time in English is one of the problem that encounter Asian students particularly for Singaporeans students. They speak in the way which is very difficult for English speakers to understand. Intonation Roach, (2002: 50) defines intonation as the rising or falling pitch of the voice while pronouncing words or syllables. He believes that intonation enables speakers to express their emotions and attitudes when they speak. The most problematic area of pronunciation for most Asian students is intonation. They find it extremely difficult to hear tunes or identify the different patterns of rising and falling tones. Therefore, some Asian languages have less pitch variation than English especially Japanese language.They use pith changes to mark stress on the word level which result the so-called monotonous intonation. Wong(1987) suggests that English as a tonal language(not using tones).We can understand the words in isolation but if we put them together in sentences, the meaning of the sentence may change by a shift in tone. For example, Are you going to the library?(low-then-high on word library) but if u wondered which of two persons agreed to get the list of books, the same words would have a different emphasis Are you going to the library?, and the tone for you would be rather deep which is different from the first question. Jack and Willy (2002) introduce other problems in English pronunciation .Firstly, difference between spelling and sounds. There are lots of words in English language which have silent letters. Therefore, most Asian students specifically Pakistani students pronounce these silent letters unknowingly which make them mispronounce the words. For example, knowledge, kneel .These two word have k silent letter which they should not pronounce it at all. Secondly, multiple sounds of the same letters are also one of the issues that encounter Asian adult students. This mean there are many letters and combinations of letters which produce numerous sounds at different place. For instance, the letter c produces two sounds like s and k (e.g. circle, car) and also ch letter produce three sounds as ch,k andsh. Factors affecting the English pronunciation of Asian students: The effect of native language: Every language in the world has different accent and varsities is true that non native speakers speak the target language in a different way. Sometimes, they speak highly different than native speakers of English do. Avery Ehrlich (1987:9) calls the foreign accent the nature of which is determined to a large extended by a learners native language. Then, native language of speaker may influence on the pronunciation of the target language. Jack and Willy(2002: 184) states that the way we speak is a part of our identity ,that is, phonemic differences between language cause, a target language which will be spoken with a foreign language. Some Asian students specifically Turkish adult students have difficulty in some English sounds or words that are not exist in their first language. For example, the sounds/ÃÆ' °/ and / ÆÅ ¸/ are not exist in Turkish language which lead Turkish students to face difficulty to pronounce these sounds when they speak English. So they produce these sou nds under the influence of their first language. Then, the influence of native language is inevitable. The factor of age: This is the most important factor in learning English pronunciation. If someone wants to pronounce a foreign language with a native like accent, he/she should start to learn it during his/her childhood. For example, children who start learn English language in foreign language speaking people environment. As a result, they have more advantage than the children who learn the second language in their motherlands. Krashen (1988) mentions that people who expose their second language during childhood, they achieve higher foreign language proficiency than those who beginning as adults. It seems that age is the main factor which effect on adults English pronunciation. They are difficult for them to learn English language after puberty. Therefore, it is better to learning it in short run and should be started in puberty. Phonetic Ability: According to Jack and Willy (2002) pointed out that some people who have a good ear, they have the ability to discriminate between the two sounds accurately. So, learners phonetics ability affects the development of their pronunciation. Kenworthy(1987) believes that the influence of age is an efficient factor for phonetics ability. Because it is so difficult for adult students to have more ability in pronunciation than immigrants children who start their learning process in a second language speaking environment. The Amount Exposure: Many non native speakers have not opportunity to practice the English language in their motherlands. English also do not only used in the classroom. If the learners live in an English- speaking country, the learners will have opportunities to listen and speak with native speakers of English. Conversely, there will no advantage for learners if they live in a non English speaking country. Kenworthy (1987) insists that exposure can be a contributory factor but it is not necessary factor for developing adult learners pronunciation. Learners should make use of it is opportunities, if they are aware of the necessity of being exposed to the second language. If the learners do that, they will be more successful in case of improving their pronunciation. Personality and Attitude This factor affect the pronunciation of most Asian adult students in a bad way if the learners have negative attitudes for the English environment .learners or they are introverted students. From my own experience as a student in the UK, I am one of the students who are introverted or shy. Therefore, I usually do not take part in classroom activities; seminars and tutorials .Whereas extrovert students have more chance to improve their pronunciation. Brown (2001) states attitude of the students toward the new language have an effective role in pronunciation learning. Also, if the learners have a good attitude for the target culture, they can develop their pronunciation accurately. If the learners have some prejudices on the second language and its society, this event will influence their approach to the language. It is clear that these above factors are effective in the learners pronunciation and also exert much influence on the adult learners. So, teachers play a significant role for helping adult learners to develop their English pronunciation. Also, they should pay attention to the students concern for pronunciation because they are not aware of the way that they speech. Therefore there are lots of methods and types of teaching English pronunciation which help Asian adult students to overcome the difficulties of it. They will also help them to acquire an accurate pronunciation and improve their speech. Solutions to surmount the difficulties of mispronunciation among Asian adult students:- Teaching pronunciation:- Jigsaw: Pennington (1996) maintains that jigsaw is a form of information gap. Students work in pairs or small group to exchange their information. They try to combine words with each other to create sentences. These sentences consist of words that the learners have difficulty to pronounce these words. For example, in the word rise which has the letters s that they must pronounce it as z and producing /raIz/ e.g. I was surprised that the raisings rise! B-Tongue Twister: This kind of activity helps adult Asian students to say difficult words and phrases so quickly. Celce-Murcia (1987:55) stress that there is a little transfer from practice to natural information. But, if it is needed and necessary, they can be used. Example: Paul piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. 2-Drilling Techniques There are lots of drills which helps adult Asian students to improve their English pronunciation. They are very useful for teaching the correct pronunciation of the words and sentences. A- Saturation drill Wong (1987) proposed it is vey suitable for all position of the problematic sound. For instance, the sound /s/ as a problem sound. It can be drilled in its three positions Initial media final See leasing peace Seem clinic purse Substitution drill Dalton (1994) says that this drill can be applied by substituting any sound instead of other sound. For instance,/t/ sound instead of /ÃŽÂ ¸/ and /d/ in place of /ÃÆ' °/( e.g. this is thin/tin.) It is clear that there are other ways helps learners to overcome difficulties of pronunciation .First, media which give to the students positive advantage especially when they watch standard English news channel like BBC. Second, is practice. Students should practise English with native speaker or non native speakers of English to improve their English speaking Conclusion: To sum up, teaching pronunciation is one of the important areas of foreign language teaching. Most overseas students especially Asian adult students encounter troubles when they try to communicate with native speakers of English. Then, communication should be the primary purpose of language learning and teaching. One crucial part of effective communication for Asian adult students to grasp is: comfortably intelligible pronunciation. They have certain difficulties such as produce correct sound and recognition of English sounds, understanding of stress and intonation, difference between spelling and sounds and other problems. Therefore, it should be studied in the early age (from puberty) to eliminate these problems and also to overcome the negative influence from the first language interference. Teachers must be a ware of the techniques which help students improve their pronunciation according to their age, ability, needs, attitudes and expectations. Count words (3200) Classroom Implications: Appendix I: Generally, pronunciation is really complicated process in foreign language teaching. There are some of sounds which have similar sounds but have different meanings. This can be causing much confusion to the learners. Therefore, most ESL students have problem with English pronunciation when they speak English. From my own experience as a teacher in Libyan secondary school, I used several ways to teach pronunciation which can be benefit all learners. Firstly, introducing phonemes .because the biggest problem that faces them is the distinguage between sounds. For example, in the words fat, mat, cat, sat, the letters /f/, /m/, /c/, /s/ are the phonemes which are the beginning letters of these words. Phoneme makes the distinct difference between similar words. After that, students listen and repeat these different sounds and then identify them. For the best result, I introduce phoneme in pairs. (e.g. the /f/ and/v/ sounds).They listen and speak them and also repeat simple words like( fat- vat)Secondly, practicing phonemes for making the sound accurately. I drew pronunciation diagrams on the blackboard because they help them to know how to hold the tongue and lips. For example, the sound /th/ in #the word this and thank. Anxiety is usually common among students when they lean pronunciation. Then, I usually use some verbal games such as, handclap rhythms and jazz charts which can help them to improve their speaking and relieve much of pressure. Appendix II: Students listen to audio recordings and they practice what they hear because recordings get them attuned to stress, intonation, pitch and phonological distinctions. For example: Listen and say what word you hear: is it from column (a) or column (b)? Some words are unusual. Appendix III Word stress and intonation Listen and mark the stressed syllable. Daughter- orbit-planet- computer- meaning- handle-homework- hospital derision. 2-Read these sentences and mark the pauses with / and mark the intonation pattern with à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å". People who look different from others in some way are interesting. The one who looks bored is my sister. The latest design, with CD player is very expensive. A tidy, conventionally decorated room with everything in its place is boring.

Fresh Water Essay

The greatest similarity between fresh and salt water is that both are basically the same chemical – water, although the contents of other materials dissolved in it differ. Both contain some amount dissolved chemical in it though the quantities vary. Both form different links in the water cycle of the nature. Both are homes to aquatic life. Difference: Salt water contains much higher quantities of dissolved chemicals as compared to fresh water. This higher concentration of chemical also raises the density of salt water above that of fresh water. Plant and animals living in two types of water bodies are different. Salt water is found only as large standing bodies of water. Most of these are in form of seas and oceans, although though some lakes including very large ones considered to be sea also contain salt water. Fresh water is found in standing bodies of water called lakes, as well as running water as in rivers and streams. Fresh water is available in many other forms such as in rain, and ice caps in the poles and in very cold places. However no fresh water is found in seas and oceans. Fresh water is used for drinking as well as many industrial processes. However salt water is generally not suitable for most of the industrial use except for cooling. On the other hand salt water is used as a source of some chemicals, particularly common salt. Freshwater does not yield any such chemicals. Comparing Fresh water and ocean water, each has their differences. Most notable is animals living in each. The animals that live in the Salt â€Å"ocean† water would not survive in fresh water for an extended length of time. Same holds true for fresh water animals. However there are a few species that have adapted and can live in both. Some Salt water animals have also evolved to live in Fresh water. Humans cannot drink ocean water without dying. The salt in it dehydrates you to the point you die of thirst. In order to drink ocean water you have to desalinate it in one of many ways. Boiling it being one way. Ocean water also contains every natural element on the planet. If we could find a way to mine the water that is cost effective, we would have a lot more resources. Ocean water freezes at 26 degrees F and fresh at 32. While only 6 degrees difference in water terms that is huge. It prevents a vast amount of the oceans from freezing over in the winter, of course global warming has helped with that. As for your comment of only 3% of the worlds oceans is fresh water, it is very true. While there is a lot of surface area of fresh water the oceans are miles deep. The deepest point on Earth is approx 35,000ft below sea level or about 6. 75 miles down. Many of the deepest lakes only hit about 2000 to 3000 ft deep. Also when you compare the surface area of the fresh water bodies comparies to the oceans there isn’t much. The great lakes between Canada and the USA contain 20% of all fresh water on the planet. That is enough water to cover the entire USA with 9. 5 feet of water. When compared to the oceans that isn’t much. So don’t be surprised. Fresh water is lighter than salt water. Therefore, fresh water â€Å"floats† on top of salt water. This principle becomes extremely important when considering the drilling of a well in order to tap into the ground water of any island. The weight of the rain water that percolates into the ground depresses the salt water beneath it forming a profile that has the appearance of a lens. This is called the Ghyben-Herzberg lens. The principle of this relationship was discovered independently by a Dutch scientist named Baden-Ghyben and a German scientist named Herzberg. The underground boundary that separates the fresh water layer from the salt water is not a sharp boundary line. In reality, this boundary is a transition zone of brackish water (fresh/salt mixture). This is caused by seasonal fluctuations in rainfall, tidal action, and the amount of water being withdrawn either by humans or by natural discharge. Fresh water has a density of 1. 0 while salt water has a density of 1. 025. From this, you can see that salt water is slightly heavier than fresh water. The ratio between the two is 41:40. The formation of the Ghyben-Herzberg lens has a profound effect upon the availability of fresh water on an island. This principle essentially states that for every foot of ground water above sea level there are forty feet of fresh water below sea level! The mathematical formula for the fresh to salt water relationship is: hs = hf / es – ef where hs is the depth of fresh water below sea level, hf is the depth of fresh water above sea level, es is the density of salt water, and ef is the density of fresh water. Using the common density figures for fresh and salt water the formula can thus be simplified into hs = hf / . 025 Understand that this applies only to fresh ground water that is sitting directly on an intruded body of salt water. It has no meaning on a large island where an inland body of ground water may be confined by layers and dikes of lava rock. On islands that are largely composed of dense lava rock, little if any salt water intrudes very far into the underlying rock structure. It is generally only in shoreline regions that salt water intrudes into the cracks, crevices, and loose rock spaces. On low, small islands that are largely composed of coral or other porous materials, salt water intrusion into the underlying interior is quite common. The drilling or digging of wells on these islands and especially on along the shoreline must be done with care. Going too deeply will penetrate the transition zone and result in salt water infiltration and the contamination of the fresh water in the well. I have seen such a well dug in solid lava rock along the shoreline in the Ka’ u District on the island of Hawai‘i. This well was located a few feet above the high tide line approximately a hundred feet from the ocean. The opening was rectangular, about 3 1/2 feet wide, and 6+ feet long. On one end a set of stairs had been cut into the rock allowing one to walk down five or six feet to the level of the well water. This well was unused as there are no dwellings or settlements in the immediate area. In fact, the area was considered to be â€Å"range† land where a few head of cattle managed to find enough to eat in this dry, desert-like environment. The size and construction of the well indicated that at one time it may have served a considerable number of people and possibly even an old Hawaiian village. Unfortunately the well had been abandoned and neglected. It contained a fair amount of decaying leaves and grass. There was also a considerable amount of broken glass from beer bottles that had been thrown against the interior sides of the well. This was probably done by shore fishermen who frequented the area from time to time and used the well as a convenient trash dump during evening camping parties. Nonetheless, the well serves as an excellent example of the Ghyben-Herzberg lens’s importance to the availability of fresh water in a place where one might think that none can be found. I already had listed some differences of salt water versus fresh water so here are some similarities;

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The Holocaust Research Paper - 847 Words

For my final paper I will be using all of the data and information I have collected about making my argument upon why the Germans were so oblivious. I will be talking about the events that occurred between 1933 and 1943. I will be summarizing how these specific events led to the rise of Hitler’s power and the Holocaust. I will summarize how these events affected people back then and how it has affected people today. Holocaust was one of the biggest travesties in the world. It took place between 1933 and 1945. Hitler, the Nazi leader and German chancellor, removed black people, gay people, gypsies and most commonly Jews from their household. Over eleven million people were murdered during the Holocaust, six million of which were Jews. The Nazis would relocate prisoners to concentration camps, most commonly known as death camps. At these camps, prisoners were put to work, doing manual labor. Not only were they starved but the captives were beaten, and tortured. If the prisoners didn’t die from starvation or disease, they were executed. The Great Depression began after WWI ended. Everyone blamed Germany for what happened so they had to repay everyone’s war debts. Shortly after Germany started paying off their debts with the United States, the stock market crashed in New York, causing a deep economic depression in in US. The US demanded all of the money Germany owed them faster to help the United States debt, but this situation made Germany’s economy worse thanShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust Research Paper837 Words   |  3 PagesThe Holocaust, a sad time in human history, but in all that sadness, there were heroic stories of people and Nazi prisoners standing up for what was right instead of following the awful fascist state that was called Nazi Germany. In this paper, I write about a couple of the rebellions that some of the Jewish population in this time did to fight for what was right and trying to stop Nazi’s from brutally murdering them. 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